Fritz London Endowment Fund
In December 1972, John Bardeen, two-time winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, established an endowment fund at Duke University "to perpetuate the memory of Fritz London, distinguished scientist and member of the Duke faculty from 1939 to the time of his death in 1954, and to promote research and understanding of Physics at Duke University and in the wider scientific community". Specifically the fund is to be used to (1) underwrite the Fritz London Memorial Prize, given in recognition of outstanding contributions in Low Temperature Physics and (2) provide support for the London Memorial Lectures at Duke University.
About the Fritz London Memorial Lecturers
The Fritz London Memorial Lectures have brought to the scientific community a distinguished group of lecturers including twenty Nobel laureates. The scientific interests of each lecturer impinge at one or more points upon the various fields of physics and chemistry to which Fritz London contributed. Nobel Laureates are indicated with *
- 2019 Josef Michl: "Porphene - a Heterocyclic Analog of Graphene"
- 2018 Charles L. Kane: "Topological Phases of Matter"
- 2017 Emily A. Carter: "Quantum mechanical solutions for our energy future"
- 2016 Sidney R. Nagel: "The Life and Death of a Drop"
- 2015 Mark A. Ratner "By Indirections find Directions Out: Electronic Motion in Non-periodic Molecular Solids"
- 2014 David A. Weitz "Dripping, Jetting, Drops and Wetting: The Magic of Microfluidics"
- 2013 Judith Klinman "Moving through Barriers: Unlocking the Mysteries of How Enzymes Really Work"
- 2012 Mildred Dresselhaus "The Wonders of Low-Dimensional Nanocarbons"
- 2011 Daan Frenkel "Van der Waals, Kamerlingh Onnes, and Phase Transitions: From Helium to Protein Crystal Nucleation"
- 2010 Anthony J. Leggett* "Does the everyday world really obey quantum mechanics?"
- 2009 William H. Miller "Quantum Effects in the Dynamics of Complex Molecular Systems"
- 2008 Jerry P. Gollub Novel ways of studying fluid flows
- 2007 John J. Hopfield "How Do We Think So Fast? From Neurons to Brain Computation"
- 2006 Frank Wilczek* "The Universe is a strange place"
- 2005 Charles Lieber "Nanotechnology: Emerging Opportunities in Electronics, Biology and Much More!"
- 2004 Myriam Sarachik "Metal-insulator transitions"
- 2003 Harry B. Gray "Electron Tunneling Through Proteins"
- 2002 Harry L. Swinney "Emergence and evolution of order"
- 2001 Richard E. Smalley* "Buckytubes! New Nanotechnology from Carbon"
- 2000 Wolfgang Ketterle* "Bose-Einstein condensation"
- 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail* "Femtochemistry and Femtophysics: The Profound Impact of Fritz London"
- 1998 Robert C. Richardson* "The discovery of superfluid helium-3"
- 1996 Russell J. Donnelly "Turbulent flows at cryogenic temperatures"
- 1995 Walter Kohn* "Electrons and Structure in Physics and Chemistry: An Alternative View"
- 1994 Guenther Ahlers "Patterns in nature and in the laboratory"
- 1993 John Polanyi "The responsibility of the scientist in an age of science"
- 1992 Heinrich Rohrer* "The scanning tunneling microscope and its applications"
- 1991 Rudolph A. Marcus* "Electron Transfer Reactions in Chemistry and Biology: Theory and Experiment"
- 1990 Freeman Dyson "Trees, soil, carbon dioxide, and methane"
- 1989 William Klemperer "van der Waals Molecules"
- 1988 K. Alex Mueller* "The discovery of high temperature superconductivity"
- 1987 Benjamin Widom "Phase transitions and their critical points"
- 1986 Richard N. Zare "Laser Chemical Analysis"
- 1985 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes* "The dynamics of wetting"
- 1984 John A. Wheeler "Bohr, Einstein, and the mystery of the quantum"
- 1984 John C. Wheatley "The quest of the absolute zero"
- 1982 Murray Gell-Mann* "Elementary Particles: The building blocks of all matter"
- 1981 Edward Teller "Energy from heaven and earth"
- 1978 Philip W. Anderson* "Broken symmetry: A unifying principle in physics"
- 1977 Victor Weisskopf "What is an elementary particle?"
- 1976 Hans Bethe*
- 1975 Michael Fisher "Critical points and their exponents"
- 1974 J. Robert Schrieffer* "The interaction of atoms with solid surfaces"
- 1973 David Pines "A voyage to the interior of a neutron star"
- 1972 Jesse W. Beams "The measurement of the masses, volumes, and shapes of molecules in solutions"
- 1971 Lars Onsager* "The electrical properties of ice"
- 1969 Eugene P. Wigner* "A science of consciousness"
- 1968 Walter Thirring "Theory of gravitation"
- 1966 Chen Ning Yang* "The symmetry laws of physics"
- 1965 William M. Fairbank "Near zero: A frontier of physics"
- 1964 John Bardeen* "Understanding superconductivity"
- 1963 Peter J.W. Debye* "Molecular forces"
- 1962 Linus C. Pauling* "The one-electron bond theory of antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism"
- 1960 Cornelius G. Gorter "Superconductivity: History, present state, and applications"
- 1959 Felix Bloch* "The concept of temperature in spin physics"
- 1958 H.B.G. Casimir "The London-van der Waals forces"
- 1957 James Franck* "The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis"
- 1956 Lothar W. Nordheim "Nuclear models"