RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of photon-counting CT (PCCT) to improve quantitative image quality for low dose imaging compared to energy-integrating detector CT (EID CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An investigational scanner (Siemens, Germany) with… read more about this publication »
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The 3-fold purpose of this study was to (1) develop a method to relate measured differences in radiomics features in different computed tomography (CT) scans to one another and to true feature differences; (2) quantify minimum detectable change in radiomics features based… read more about this publication »
OBJECTIVE. The virtual imaging trial is a unique framework that can greatly facilitate the assessment and optimization of imaging methods by emulating the imaging experiment using representative computational models of patients and validated imaging simulators. The purpose of this study was to show… read more about this publication »
PURPOSE: To evaluate the variability of quantitative measurements of metastatic liver lesions by using a multi-radiation-dose-level and multi-reader comparison. METHODS: Twenty-three study subjects (mean age, 60 years) with 39 liver lesions who underwent a single-energy dual-source contrast-… read more about this publication »
Ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors (FERSCs) have recently emerged as a promising class of spintronics materials. The peculiar coupling between spin and polar degrees of freedom responsible for several exceptional properties, including ferroelectric switching of Rashba spin texture, suggests that… read more about this publication »
Although high-entropy materials are attracting considerable interest due to a combination of useful properties and promising applications, predicting their formation remains a hindrance for rational discovery of new systems. Experimental approaches are based on physical intuition and/or expensive… read more about this publication »
PURPOSE: Patient radiation burden in computed tomography (CT) can best be characterized through risk estimates derived from organ doses. Organ doses can be estimated by Monte Carlo simulations of the CT procedures on computational phantoms assumed to emulate the patients. However, the results are… read more about this publication »
Quantum computing leverages the quantum resources of superposition and entanglement to efficiently solve computational problems considered intractable for classical computers. Examples include calculating molecular and nuclear structure, simulating strongly interacting electron systems, and… read more about this publication »
Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated significant links between human brain structure and common DNA variants. Similar studies with rodents have been challenging because of smaller brain volumes. Using high field MRI (9.4 T) and compressed sensing, we have achieved microscopic… read more about this publication »
Routine applications of electronic structure theory to molecules and periodic systems need to compute the electron density from given Hamiltonian and, in case of non-orthogonal basis sets, overlap matrices. System sizes can range from few to thousands or, in some examples, millions of atoms.… read more about this publication »
Laser beams operating in high order transverse modes, especially orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, have been used increasingly in many frontier research areas. The characterization of these laser modes and the related component analysis can be carried out using the retrieved optical phase.… read more about this publication »
The scintillation anisotropy of the single-crystal organic scintillator trans-stilbene was characterized for recoil protons between 0.56 and 10 MeV. The light output and pulse shape anisotropies were measured at 11 distinct recoil proton energies for over 168 recoil proton trajectories relative to… read more about this publication »
Full configuration interaction (FCI) solvers are limited to small basis sets due to their expensive computational costs. An optimal orbital selection for FCI (OptOrbFCI) is proposed to boost the power of existing FCI solvers to pursue the basis set limit under a computational budget. The… read more about this publication »
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) frequently cause thyroid dysfunction but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated increased circulating natural killer (NK) cells and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR surface expression on inflammatory intermediate… read more about this publication »
AbstractThe lattice dynamics and high-temperature structural transition in SnS and SnSe are investigated via inelastic neutron scattering, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy and anharmonic first-principles simulations. We uncover a spectacular, extreme softening and reconstruction of an entire… read more about this publication »
Mandates for mask use in public during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person… read more about this publication »
PURPOSE: To characterize the noise and spatial resolution properties of a commercially available deep learning-based computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithm. METHODS: Two phantom experiments were performed. The first used a multisized image quality phantom (Mercury v3.0, Duke University)… read more about this publication »
We propose a variational scheme for computing Wasserstein gradient flows. The scheme builds upon the Jordan–Kinderlehrer–Otto framework with the Benamou-Brenier's dynamic formulation of the quadratic Wasserstein metric and adds a regularization by the Fisher information. This regularization can be… read more about this publication »
The nucleons (protons and neutrons) are by far the most abundant form of matter in our visible Universe; they are composite particles made of quarks and gluons, the fundamental quanta of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). The usual interpretation of the nucleon dynamics in high energy interactions is… read more about this publication »
For decades, it was unknown how electron-bifurcating systems in nature prevented energy-wasting short-circuiting reactions that have large driving forces, so synthetic electron-bifurcating molecular machines could not be designed and built. The underpinning free-energy landscapes for electron… read more about this publication »
Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at… read more about this publication »